Design of a Fuzzy PID Controller to Improve Electric Vehicles Performance Based on Regenerative Braking System

Abstract

This study aims to improve energy storage in electric vehicle applications using a regenerative braking system. A brushless DC motor (BLDC) was chosen to power the vehicle due to its inherent advantages and suitability for electric vehicles. These vehicles require a low rate of error and stable and transient responses to make wheel acceleration smoother. The main objective of this study is to improve response time and stability under different operating conditions and overcome the drawbacks of traditional control techniques. Traditional PID controllers suffer from several problems, including transient overshoots, load fluctuations, and non-linear response, which lead to poor performance in electric vehicle propulsion systems. In this study, a fuzzy PID controller and a hysteresis current control loop are designed for the BLDC motor to address the above issues. The motor speed and battery charge state are verified using the MATLAB/Simulink environment in different situations to measure the reliability of the proposed controller. The results show that this proposed controller improves the dynamic performance of the regenerative braking system and enhances other operating characteristics such as maximum overshoot and settling time.