High-Performance Electric Two-Wheeler Fast Charger Based on Intelligent Control Algorithm

Abstract

Electrification in the transportation sector, such as electric two-wheelers (E2W), including electric bicycles and motorcycles, must be accompanied by the development of a sufficient ecosystem. Meanwhile, currently, available commercial E2W battery chargers cannot keep up with user mobility in terms of charging time, which implicates the inflexibility of E2W in daily usage and needs to meet safety standards according to the battery specification. This work proposed a charging system to meet the need for fast and safe charging in conventional E2W batteries. It used an interleaved buck converter (IBC) regulated by a combination of proportional integral–fuzzy logic control (PI-FLC) algorithms to ensure safe and fast charging. This system is adaptable and potentially meets the universal principle by allowing users to adjust current and voltage based on the power source and vehicle specifications. The PI-FLC algorithm determines the optimal charging current by considering charging voltage, current, and state of charge (SoC). The IBC’s ripple cancellation feature enhances compactness by reducing the output filter capacity. The system uses nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) batteries with a specification of 72 V at 20 Ah with a 1 C charging rate. The performance was compared to PID CC-CV and PI-CV algorithms. The results showed that the proposed system produces a suitable voltage and current charging characteristic and only needs 57.75 minutes to charge 0-100% SoC, while PID CC-CV takes 180 minutes and PI CV takes 240 minutes.